6. An employee at a branch office is creating a quote for a customer. In order to do this, the employee needs to access confidential pricing information from internal servers at the Head Office. What type of network would the employee access?
- an intranet ✅
- the Internet
- an extranet
- a local area network
Explanation: Topic 1.4.4 Intranet is a term used to refer to a private connection of LANs and WANs that belongs to an organization. An intranet is designed to be accessible only by the organization’s members, employees, or others with authorization.
7. Which statement describes the use of powerline networking technology?
- New “smart” electrical cabling is used to extend an existing home LAN.
- A home LAN is installed without the use of physical cabling.
- A device connects to an existing home LAN using an adapter and an existing electrical outlet. ✅
- Wireless access points use powerline adapters to distribute data through the home LAN.
Explanation: Topic 1.7.8 Powerline networking adds the ability to connect a device to the network using an adapter wherever there is an electrical outlet. The network uses existing electrical wiring to send data. It is not a replacement for physical cabling, but it can add functionality in places where wireless access points cannot be used or cannot reach devices.
8. A networking technician is working on the wireless network at a medical clinic. The technician accidentally sets up the wireless network so that patients can see the medical records data of other patients. Which of the four network characteristics has been violated in this situation?
- fault tolerance
- scalability
- security ✅
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- reliability
Explanation: Topic 1.1.8 Network security includes protecting the confidentiality of data that is on the network. In this case, because confidential data has been made available to unauthorized users, the security characteristic of the network has failed.
9. Match each characteristic to its corresponding Internet connectivity type. (Not all options are used.)
| Characteristic | Internet Connectivity Type |
|---|
| uses coaxial cable as a medium | cable ✅ |
| not suited for heavily wooded areas | satellite ✅ |
| typically has very low bandwidth | dialup telephone ✅ |
| high bandwidth connection that runs over telephone line | DSL ✅ |
Explanation: Topic 1.5.2 DSL is an always-on, high bandwidth connection that runs over telephone lines. Cable uses the same coaxial cable that carries television signals into the home to provide Internet access. Dialup telephone is much slower than either DSL or cable, but is the least expensive option for home users because it can use any telephone line and a simple modem. Satellite requires a clear line of sight and is affected by trees and other obstructions.
10. What two criteria are used to help select a network medium from various network media? (Choose two.)
- the types of data that need to be prioritized
- the cost of the end devices utilized in the network
- the distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal ✅
- the number of intermediate devices installed in the network
- the environment where the selected medium is to be installed ✅
Explanation: Topic 2.6.2 Criteria for choosing a network medium are the distance the selected medium can successfully carry a signal, the environment in which the selected medium is to be installed, the amount of data and the speed at which the data must be transmitted, and the cost of the medium and its installation.
11. What type of network traffic requires QoS?
- email
- on-line purchasing
- video conferencing ✅
- wiki
Explanation: Topic 1.6.4 Video conferencing utilizes real-time audio and video communications. Both of these are time-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive forms of communication that require quality of service to be active on the network. QoS will ensure an uninterrupted user experience.
12. A user is implementing security on a small office network. Which two actions would provide the minimum security requirements for this network? (Choose two.)
- implementing a firewall ✅
- installing a wireless network
- installing antivirus software ✅
- implementing an intrusion detection system
- adding a dedicated intrusion prevention device
Explanation: Topic 1.8.2 Technically complex security measures such as intrusion prevention systems are usually associated with business networks rather than home networks. Installing antivirus software, antimalware software, and implementing a firewall will usually be the minimum requirements for home networks.
13. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)
- VTY interface ✅
- console interface ✅
- Ethernet interface
- boot IOS mode
- privileged EXEC mode ✅
- router configuration mode
Explanation: Topic 2.4.3 Access to the VTY and console interfaces can be restricted using passwords. Out-of-band management of the router can be restricted in both user EXEC and privileged EXEC modes.
14. Which interface allows remote management of a Layer 2 switch?
- the AUX interface
- the console port interface
- the switch virtual interface ✅
- the first Ethernet port interface
Explanation: Topic 2.6.2 In a Layer 2 switch, there is a switch virtual interface (SVI) that provides a means for remotely managing the device.
15. What function does pressing the Tab key have when entering a command in IOS?
- It aborts the current command and returns to configuration mode.
- It exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC mode.
- It moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
- It completes the remainder of a partially typed word in a command. ✅
Explanation: Topic 2.3.5 Pressing the Tab key after a command has been partially typed will cause the IOS to complete the rest of the command.
16. While trying to solve a network issue, a technician made multiple changes to the current router configuration file. The changes did not solve the problem and were not saved. What action can the technician take to discard the changes and work with the file in NVRAM?
- Issue the reload command without saving the running configuration. ✅
- Delete the vlan.dat file and reboot the device.
- Close and reopen the terminal emulation software.
- Issue the copy startup-config running-config command.
Explanation: Topic 2.5.2 The solution is to reboot the router without saving the running configuration. The copy startup-config running-config command does not overwrite the running configuration file with the configuration file stored in NVRAM, but rather it just has an additive effect.
17. An administrator uses the Ctrl-Shift-6 key combination on a switch after issuing the ping command. What is the purpose of using these keystrokes?
- to restart the ping process
- to interrupt the ping process ✅
- to exit to a different configuration mode
- to allow the user to complete the command
Explanation: Topic 2.3.5 To interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute, a user enters the Ctrl-Shift-6 key combination.
18. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring access control to switch SW1. If the administrator uses a console connection to connect to the switch, which password is needed to access user EXEC mode?
- letmein
- secretin
- lineconin ✅
- linevtyin
Explanation: Topic 2.4.3 Telnet accesses a network device through the virtual interface configured with the line VTY command. The password configured under the line console 0 command is required to gain entry through the console port.
19. A technician configures a switch with these commands:
SwitchA(config)# interface vlan 1
SwitchA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
SwitchA(config-if)# no shutdown
What is the technician configuring?
- Telnet access
- SVI ✅
- password encryption
- physical switchport access
Explanation: Topic 2.7.4 For a switch to have an IP address, a switch virtual interface must be configured. This allows the switch to be managed remotely over the network.
20. Which command or key combination allows a user to return to the previous level in the command hierarchy?
Explanation: Topic 2.2.4 End and CTRL-Z return the user to the privileged EXEC mode. Ctrl-C ends a command in process. The exit command returns the user to the previous level.
21. What are two characteristics of RAM on a Cisco device? (Choose two.)
- RAM provides nonvolatile storage.
- The configuration that is actively running on the device is stored in RAM. ✅
- The contents of RAM are lost during a power cycle. ✅
- RAM is a component in Cisco switches but not in Cisco routers.
- RAM is able to store multiple versions of IOS and configuration files.
Explanation: Topic 2.5.1 RAM stores data that is used by the device to support network operations. The running configuration is stored in RAM. This type of memory is considered volatile memory because data is lost during a power cycle.
22. Which two host names follow the guidelines for naming conventions on Cisco IOS devices? (Choose two.)
- Branch2!
- RM-3-Switch-2A4 ✅
- Floor(15)
- HO Floor 17
- SwBranch799 ✅
Explanation: Topic 2.4.1 Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should:
- Start with a letter
- Contain no spaces
- End with a letter or digit
- Use only letters, digits, and dashes
- Be less than 64 characters in length
23. How is SSH different from Telnet?
- SSH makes connections over the network, whereas Telnet is for out-of-band access.
- SSH provides security to remote sessions by encrypting messages and using user authentication. Telnet is considered insecure and sends messages in plaintext. ✅
- SSH requires the use of the PuTTY terminal emulation program.
- SSH must be configured over an active network connection, whereas Telnet is used to connect to a device from a console connection.
Explanation: Topic 2.1.4 SSH is the preferred protocol for connecting to a device operating system over the network because it is much more secure than Telnet.
24. An administrator is configuring a switch console port with a password. In what order will the administrator travel through the IOS modes of operation?
| Order | Mode |
|---|
| first mode | user EXEC mode ✅ |
| second mode | privileged EXEC mode ✅ |
| third mode | global configuration mode ✅ |
| final mode | line configuration mode ✅ |
Explanation: Topic 2.2.4 The administrator first encounters user EXEC mode. After the enable command, the next mode is privileged EXEC mode. From there, configure terminal moves to global configuration mode. Finally, line console 0 enters line configuration mode.
25. What are three characteristics of an SVI? (Choose three.)
- It is designed as a security protocol to protect switch ports.
- It is not associated with any physical interface on a switch. ✅
- It is a special interface that allows connectivity by different types of media.
- It is required to allow connectivity by any device at any location.
- It provides a means to remotely manage a switch. ✅
- It is associated with VLAN1 by default. ✅
Explanation: Topic 2.6.2 Switches have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs). SVIs are created in software since there is no physical hardware associated with them. Virtual interfaces provide a means to remotely manage a switch. The default SVI interface is VLAN1.
26. What command is used to verify the condition of the switch interfaces, including the status of the interfaces and a configured IP address?
- ipconfig
- ping
- traceroute
- show ip interface brief ✅
Explanation: Topic 2.8.1 The show ip interface brief command is used to display a brief synopsis of the condition of the device interfaces.
27. Match the description with the associated IOS mode. (Not all options are used.)
Explanation: Topic 2.2.4
28. Match the definitions to their respective CLI hot keys and shortcuts. (Not all options are used.)
| Definition | Hot Key / Shortcut |
|---|
| provides context-sensitive help | ? ✅ |
| displays the next screen | Space bar ✅ |
| completes abbreviated commands and parameters | Tab ✅ |
| scrolls backwards through previously entered commands | Up Arrow ✅ |
| aborts commands such as trace and ping | Ctrl-Shift-6 ✅ |
Explanation: Topic 2.3.5 The shortcuts with their functions are as follows:
- Tab – Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword
- Space bar – displays the next screen
- ? – provides context-sensitive help
- Up Arrow – Allows user to scroll backward through former commands
- Ctrl-C – cancels any command currently being entered
- Ctrl-Shift-6 – Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute
29. In the show running-config command, which part of the syntax is represented by running-config?
- the command
- a keyword ✅
- a variable
- a prompt
Explanation: Topic 2.3.1 The first part of the syntax, show, is the command, and the second part of the syntax, running-config, is the keyword.
30. After making configuration changes on a Cisco switch, a network administrator issues a copy running-config startup-config command. What is the result of issuing this command?
- The new configuration will be stored in flash memory.
- The new configuration will be loaded if the switch is restarted. ✅
- The current IOS file will be replaced with the newly configured file.
- The configuration changes will be removed and the original configuration will be restored.
Explanation: Topic 2.5.2 With the copy running-config startup-config command, the content of the current operating configuration replaces the startup configuration file stored in NVRAM. The configuration file saved in NVRAM will be loaded when the device is restarted.
31. What command will prevent all unencrypted passwords from displaying in plain text in a configuration file?
- (config)# enable password secret
- (config)# enable secret Secret_Password
- (config-line)# password secret
- (config)# service password-encryption ✅
- (config)# enable secret Encrypted_Password
Explanation: Topic 2.4.4 To prevent all configured passwords from appearing in plain text in configuration files, an administrator can execute the service password-encryption command.
32. A network administrator enters the service password-encryption command into the configuration mode of a router. What does this command accomplish?
- This command encrypts passwords as they are transmitted across serial WAN links.
- This command prevents someone from viewing the running configuration passwords. ✅
- This command enables a strong encryption algorithm for the enable secret password command.
- This command automatically encrypts passwords in configuration files stored in NVRAM.
- This command provides an exclusive encrypted password for external service personnel.
Explanation: Topic 2.4.4 The startup-config and running-config files display most passwords in plaintext. Use the service password-encryption global config command to encrypt all plaintext passwords in these files.
33. What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly?
- encapsulation
- flow control ✅
- access method
- response timeout
Explanation: Topic 3.1.9 Flow control ensures that data is not sent too fast for it to be received properly.
34. Which statement accurately describes a TCP/IP encapsulation process when a PC is sending data to the network?
- Data is sent from the internet layer to the network access layer.
- Packets are sent from the network access layer to the transport layer.
- Segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer. ✅
- Frames are sent from the network access layer to the internet layer.
Explanation: Topic 3.6.4 When data is traveling from the PC to the network, the transport layer sends segments to the internet layer. The internet layer sends packets to the network access layer.
35. What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.)
- ARP
- DHCP ✅
- DNS ✅
- FTP ✅
- NAT
- PPP
Explanation: Topic 3.3.4 DNS, DHCP, and FTP are all application layer protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite.
36. Match the description to the organization. (Not all options are used.)
Explanation: Topic 3.3.2 and 3.4.2 The EIA is an international standards and trade organization for electronics organizations. It is best known for its standards related to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.
37. Which name is assigned to the transport layer PDU?
- bits
- data
- frame
- packet
- segment ✅
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The transport layer PDU is called a segment.
38. When IPv4 addressing is manually configured on a web server, which property of the IPv4 configuration identifies the network and host portion for an IPv4 address?
- DNS server address
- subnet mask ✅
- default gateway
- DHCP server address
Explanation: Topic 3.7.2 The subnet mask determines the network address portion and host portion for an IPv4 address.
39. What process involves placing one PDU inside of another PDU?
- encapsulation ✅
- encoding
- segmentation
- flow control
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 When a message is placed inside another message, this is known as encapsulation.
40. What layer is responsible for routing messages through an internetwork in the TCP/IP model?
- internet ✅
- transport
- network access
- session
Explanation: Topic 3.5.4 Of the four TCP/IP layers, the internet layer is responsible for routing messages.
41. For the TCP/IP protocol suite, what is the correct order of events when a Telnet message is being prepared to be sent over the network?
| Event | Order |
|---|
| The Telnet-formatted data is provided to the next layer. | First ✅ |
| The TCP header is added. | Second ✅ |
| The IP header is added. | Third ✅ |
| The Ethernet header is added. | Fourth ✅ |
Explanation: Topic 3.3.5
42. Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host?
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 When received at the physical layer of a host, the bits are formatted into a frame at the data link layer.
43. Refer to the exhibit. ServerB is attempting to contact HostA. Which two statements correctly identify the addressing that ServerB will generate in the process? (Choose two.)
- ServerB will generate a packet with the destination IP address of RouterB.
- ServerB will generate a frame with the destination MAC address of SwitchB.
- ServerB will generate a packet with the destination IP address of RouterA.
- ServerB will generate a frame with the destination MAC address of RouterB. ✅
- ServerB will generate a packet with the destination IP address of HostA. ✅
- ServerB will generate a frame with the destination MAC address of RouterA.
Explanation: Topic 3.7.2 To send data to HostA, ServerB generates a packet containing the IP address of the destination device and a frame containing the MAC address of the default gateway on the local network.
44. Which method allows a computer to react accordingly when it requests data from a server and the server takes too long to respond?
- encapsulation
- flow control
- access method
- response timeout ✅
Explanation: Topic 3.1.9 If a computer makes a request and does not hear a response within an acceptable amount of time, the computer assumes that no answer is coming and reacts accordingly.
45. A web client is receiving a response for a web page from a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to decode the received transmission?
- Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP ✅
- HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet
- Ethernet, TCP, IP, HTTP
- HTTP, Ethernet, IP, TCP
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 When receiving and decoding data, the client processes the layers from Ethernet to IP, then TCP, and finally HTTP.
46. Which two OSI model layers have the same functionality as a single layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose two.)
- data link ✅
- network
- physical ✅
- session
- transport
Explanation: Topic 3.5.4 The OSI data link and physical layers together are equivalent to the TCP/IP network access layer.
47. At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be added during encapsulation?
- physical layer
- data link layer
- network layer ✅
- transport layer
Explanation: Topic 3.7.2 Logical addresses, also known as IP addresses, are added at the network layer.
48. What is a characteristic of multicast messages?
- They are sent to a select group of hosts. ✅
- They are sent to all hosts on a network.
- They must be acknowledged.
- They are sent to a single destination.
Explanation: Topic 3.1.9 Multicast is a one-to-many type of communication. Multicast messages are addressed to a specific multicast group.
49. Which statement is correct about network protocols?
- Network protocols define the type of hardware that is used and how it is mounted in racks.
- They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination. ✅
- They all function in the network access layer of TCP/IP.
- They are only required for exchange of messages between devices on remote networks.
Explanation: Topic 3.1.7 Network protocols define rules for exchanging information between source and destination devices in both local and remote networks.
50. What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?
- Network communications is confined to data transfers between devices from the same vendor.
- A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data. ✅
- Internet access can be controlled by a single ISP in each market.
- Competition and innovation are limited to specific types of products.
Explanation: Topic 3.4.1 Open standard protocols allow clients and servers running different operating systems to communicate with each other.
51. Which device performs the function of determining the path that messages should take through internetworks?
- a router ✅
- a firewall
- a web server
- a DSL modem
Explanation: Topic 1.2.4 A router is used to determine the path that messages should take through the network.
52. What is the IP address of the switch virtual interface (SVI) on Switch0?
- 192.168.5.10 ✅
- 192.168.10.5
- 192.168.10.1
- 192.168.5.0
Explanation: Topic 2.7.4 After the enable command is issued, the show running-configuration command or the show ip interfaces brief command will display the IP address of the switch virtual interface (SVI).
53. Why would a Layer 2 switch need an IP address?
- to enable the switch to send broadcast frames to attached PCs
- to enable the switch to function as a default gateway
- to enable the switch to be managed remotely ✅
- to enable the switch to receive frames from attached PCs
Explanation: Topic 2.6.2 A Layer 2 switch needs an IP address when it is accessed and managed remotely through the network.
54. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to configure the switch but receives the error message that is displayed in the exhibit. What is the problem?
- The entire command, configure terminal, must be used.
- The administrator is already in global configuration mode.
- The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command. ✅
- The administrator must connect via the console port to access global configuration mode.
Explanation: Topic 2.2.1 The configure terminal command must be entered from privileged EXEC mode. The administrator must use the enable command first.
55. What term describes a network owned by one organization that provides safe and secure access to individuals who work for a different organization?
- extranet ✅
- cloud
- BYOD
- quality of service
Explanation: Topic 1.4.4 An extranet is a controlled and private network infrastructure owned by one organization that grants secure, limited access to external individuals or organizations.
56. What term describes storing personal files on servers over the internet to provide access anywhere, anytime, and on any device?
- cloud ✅
- BYOD
- quality of service
- converged network
Explanation: Topic 1.7.6 Cloud computing refers to storing and accessing data and services on remote servers over the Internet.
57. What term describes a network where one computer can be both client and server?
- peer-to-peer ✅
- cloud
- BYOD
- quality of service
Explanation: Topic 1.2.2 A peer-to-peer (P2P) network allows computers to function as both clients and servers.
58. What term describes a type of network used by people who work from home or from a small remote office?
- SOHO network ✅
- BYOD
- quality of service
- converged network
Explanation: Topic 1.4.1 SOHO stands for Small Office, Home Office and describes networks used in home or small office environments.
59. What term describes a computing model where server software runs on dedicated computers?
- client/server ✅
- internet
- intranet
- extranet
Explanation: Topic 1.2.2 The client/server model uses dedicated computers running server software to provide services to client devices.
60. What term describes a technology that allows devices to connect to the LAN using an electrical outlet?
- powerline networking ✅
- internet
- intranet
- extranet
Explanation: Topic 1.7.8 Powerline networking allows data to be transmitted using existing electrical wiring and powerline adapters.
62. What term describes a policy that allows network devices to manage the flow of data to give priority to voice and video?
- quality of service ✅
- internet
- intranet
- extranet
Explanation: Topic 1.6.4 Quality of Service (QoS) prioritizes time-sensitive traffic such as voice and video.
63. What term describes a private collection of LANs and WANs that belongs to an organization?
- intranet ✅
- internet
- extranet
- peer-to-peer
Explanation: Topic 1.4.4 An intranet is a private collection of LANs and WANs belonging to an organization.
64. What term describes the ability to use personal devices across a business or campus network?
- BYOD ✅
- internet
- intranet
- extranet
Explanation: Topic 1.7.2 BYOD stands for Bring Your Own Device and allows users to use personal devices on a business or campus network.
65. At which OSI layer is a source IP address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- network layer ✅
- data link layer
- transport layer
- application layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.4 Source and destination IP addresses are added at the network layer.
66. At which OSI layer is a destination port number added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- transport layer ✅
- data link layer
- network layer
- application layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The transport layer adds source and destination port numbers to the segment.
67. At which OSI layer is data added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- application layer ✅
- data link layer
- network layer
- transport layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The application layer creates the initial PDU, known as data, before it is passed to lower layers.
68. At which OSI layer is a source IP address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- network layer ✅
- data link layer
- application layer
- presentation layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.4 The network layer adds the source and destination IP addresses to the packet.
69. Which of the following is the name for all computers connected to a network that participate directly in network communication?
- Servers
- Intermediary device
- Host ✅
- media
Explanation: Topic 1.2.1 Hosts are all computers connected to a network that participate directly in network communication.
70. At which OSI layer is a destination IP address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- network layer ✅
- application layer
- transport layer
- presentation layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The network layer adds source and destination IP addresses to the packet.
71. At which OSI layer is a source MAC address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- data link layer ✅
- application layer
- transport layer
- presentation layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The data link layer adds the source and destination MAC addresses to create a frame.
72. At which OSI layer is a source port number added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- transport layer ✅
- application layer
- network layer
- presentation layer
- data link layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The transport layer adds the source and destination port numbers to the segment.
73. At which OSI layer is a destination MAC address added to a PDU during the encapsulation process?
- data link layer ✅
- transport layer
- application layer
- network layer
Explanation: Topic 3.6.3 The data link layer adds physical addresses, including the destination MAC address.
74. When data is encoded as pulses of light, which media is being used to transmit the data?
- Wireless
- Fiber optic cable ✅
- Copper cable
Explanation: Topic 1.2.5 Fiber-optic cable is used when data is transmitted as pulses of light.
75. Which two devices are intermediary devices? (Choose two.)
- Host
- Router ✅
- Switch ✅
- Servers
Explanation: Topic 1.2.4 and 1.3.1 Routers and switches are intermediary devices.
76. A college is building a new dormitory on its campus. Workers accidentally damage a fiber optic cable connecting two dormitories to the campus data center. Although the cable has been cut, students experience only a very short interruption of network services. What characteristic of the network is shown here?
- quality of service (QoS)
- scalability
- security
- fault tolerance ✅
- integrity
Explanation: Topic 1.6.2 Fault tolerance is the characteristic of a network that allows it to quickly respond to failures of network devices, media, or services.
